Is Turbulence Getting Worse?

The short answer: yes. Scientific research consistently shows that clear-air turbulence is increasing on major flight routes, and climate change is the primary driver. Here's the evidence.

The science behind increasing turbulence

The mechanism is straightforward: (1) Climate change warms the tropics faster than the Arctic. (2) This increases the temperature gradient between equator and poles. (3) A larger temperature gradient drives a stronger, faster jet stream. (4) A faster jet stream creates more vertical wind shear at its boundaries. (5) Wind shear between fast and slow air masses generates clear-air turbulence (CAT). This isn't theoretical — it's observed in 40+ years of EDR data from commercial aircraft. The 2023 Williams & Joshi study (Geophysical Research Letters) quantified the North Atlantic CAT increase at 55% from 1979–2020. Subsequent studies found similar trends over the Pacific (17% increase in severe CAT over North Pacific, 1979–2020).

What the data shows for 2024–2025

Recent years have seen several high-profile turbulence events that reflect the trend: a Singapore Airlines flight in May 2024 experienced extreme clear-air turbulence over the Bay of Bengal, injuring 104 passengers (1 fatality). Analysis confirmed it was an exceptionally intense CAT event in an area that historically was rarely turbulent. PIREP data for 2024 shows moderate-to-severe turbulence reports up approximately 12% compared to the 2010–2015 baseline on North Atlantic routes. The trend is statistically significant and not explained by increased reporting rates.

Most Turbulent Routes

Ranked by historical turbulence score — click any route for details

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Frequently Asked Questions

Which routes are getting rougher fastest?
The largest increases in turbulence are on: North Atlantic (JFK–LHR, ORD–LHR, BOS–CDG) — 15–20% more severe CAT in 2020–2025 vs. 2000–2005 baselines. North Pacific (LAX–NRT, SFO–NRT) — 10–15% increase. Northern European routes (LHR–HEL, LHR–OSL) — more variable jet stream causing unpredictable rough patches. The Andes routes remain the most turbulent in absolute terms but haven't increased as dramatically because mountain wave turbulence is less sensitive to jet stream changes.
Can planes handle worse turbulence?
Modern aircraft are certified to handle forces far beyond the expected increase. The structural limits of a Boeing 737 or Airbus A320 are not being approached even in the worst current turbulence events. The practical concern is not aircraft safety but passenger injury from being unbelted. As turbulence increases, the importance of wearing your seatbelt during cruise altitude increases proportionally.
Will future aircraft be better at handling turbulence?
Yes — aircraft development is targeting turbulence specifically. New technologies include: active gust alleviation (already in 787 and A350 — uses control surfaces to counter gust forces), Doppler lidar systems (detect CAT up to 30 seconds ahead — giving pilots time to request altitude changes), real-time crowd-sourced EDR data (airlines sharing turbulence data between fleets to route around rough air). The TurboTrack algorithm already uses wind shear data at multiple altitudes — the same data airlines use for routing decisions.
How can I fly smarter as turbulence increases?
The most effective adaptations: (1) Always keep your seatbelt on when seated — this is the only meaningful safety measure for passengers. (2) Check turbulence forecasts before flying — TurboTrack and similar tools now provide 48-hour route forecasts that are 75%+ accurate. (3) Choose larger aircraft — widebody planes (777, 787, A350, A380) are significantly smoother in turbulence than narrowbodies. (4) Fly in calmer seasons when possible — summer morning flights remain the least turbulent option on most routes. (5) Book wing seats — the wing section still provides 20–30% less turbulence sensation than tail seats regardless of overall turbulence level.
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